Additional Resources

Societies/Websites

• American College of Chest Physicians. http://www.chestnet.org
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare professionals. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/healthcare.html#guidelines
• Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf
• National Jewish Health. https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/asthma
• National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP). https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/national-asthma-education-and-prevention-program-naepp

Articles

1. Abonia JP, Putnam PE. Mepolizumab in eosinophilic disorders. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2011;7:411-417. doi:10.1586/eci.11.27
2. Accordini S, Cappa V, Braggion M, et al. The impact of diagnosed and undiagnosed current asthma in the general adult population. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155:403-411. doi:10.1159/000320780
3. Apter AJ, Wan F, Reisine S, et al. The association of health literacy with adherence and outcomes in moderate-severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132:321-327. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02
4. Bel EH, Wenzel SE, Thompson PJ, et al. Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1189-1197. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1403291
5. Bjemer L, Lemiere C, Maspero J, et al. Reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil levels: a randomized phase 3 study. Chest. 2016;150:789-798. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.032
6. Bleecker ER, FitzGerald M, Chanez P, et al. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long acting β2 agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;388:2115-2127. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31324-1
7. Boonpiyathat T, Sözener Z, Satitsuksanoa P, et al. Immunologic mechanisms in asthma. Semin Immunol. 2019;46:101333. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2019.101333
8. Côté A, Godbout K, Boulet L. The management of severe asthma in 2020. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;179:114112. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114112
9. Fox Huffaker M, Phipatanakul W. Pediatric asthma: guidelines-based care, omalizumab and other potential biologic agents. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35:129-144. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.005
10. Hanania NA, Noonan M, Corren J, et al. Lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe asthma: pooled data from two randomised placebo-controlled studies. Thorax. 2015;70:748-756. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206719
11. Jarjour NN, Erzurum SC, Bleecker E, et al. Severe asthma: lessons learned from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:356-362. doi:10.1164/rccm.201107-1317PP
12. Lambrecht BN, Hammad H, Fahy JV. The cytokines of asthma. Immunity. 2019;50:975-991. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.018
13. Laster N, Holsey CN, Shendell DG, et al. Barriers to asthma management among urban families: caregiver and child perspectives. J Asthma. 2009;46:731-739. doi:10.1080/02770900903082571
14. Moore WC, Bleeker ER, Curran-Everett D, et al. Characterization of severe asthma phenotypes by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:405-413. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.639
15. Nowak RM, Parker JM, Silverman RA, et al. A randomized trial of benralizumab, an antiinterleukin 5 receptor α monoclonal antibody, after acute asthma. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33:14-20. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2014.09.036
16. O’Byrne PM, Pedersen S, Schatz M, et al. The poorly explored impact of uncontrolled asthma. Chest. 2013;143:511-523. doi:10.1378/chest.12-0412
17. Ortega HG, Liu MC, Pavord ID, et al. Treatment in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. N Eng J Med. 2014;371:1198-1207. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1403290
18. Rathinam KK, Abraham JJ, Vijayakumar TM.  Dupilumab in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma: an evidence-based review. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2019;91:45-51. doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2019.100571
19. Reihman A, Holguin F, Sharma S. Management of severe asthma beyond the guidelines. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20:47. doi:10.1007/s11882-020-00940-6
20. Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Matera MG, et al. Severe asthma and biological therapy: when, which, and for whom. Pulm Ther. 2020;6:47-66. doi:10.1007/s41030-019-00109-1
21. Russell R, Brightling CE. Anti-IL-5 for severe asthma. Chest. 2016;150:766-768. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2016.06.013
22. Sokol KC, Sharma G, Lin YL, et al. Choosing wisely: adherence by physicians to recommended use of spirometry in the diagnosis and management of adult asthma. Am J Med. 2015;128:502-508. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.12.006
23. Tan LD, Bratt JM, Godor D, et al. Benralizumab: a unique IL-5 inhibitor for severe asthma. J Asthma Allergy. 2016;9:71-78. doi:10.2147/JAA.S78049
24. Tan R, Liew MF, Lim HF, et al. Promises and challenges of biologics for severe asthma. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;179:114012. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114012
25. Vatrella A, Fabozzi I, Calabrese C, et al. Dupilumab: a novel treatment for asthma. J Asthma Allergy. 2014;7:123-130. doi:10.2147/JAA.S52387
26. Wenzel S, Castro M, Corren J, et al. Dupilumab efficacy and safety in adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma despite use of medium-to-high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a long acting β2 agonist: a randomised double-blind, placebo controlled pivotal phase 2b dose-ranging trial. Lancet. 2016;388:31-44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30307-5
27. Agache I, Beltran J, Akdis C, et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab and reslizumab) for severe eosinophilic asthma. A systematic review for the EAACI Guidelines – recommendations on the use of biologicals in severe asthma. Allergy. 2020;75:1023-1042. doi:10.1111/all.14221